Project description
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The goal of this piece was to accurately visualize the interior of an organ. Requirements of this assignment stated that the organ must look alive, must be visualized at an oblique angle, and a 3D maquette must be used during the development of the illustration.
Fascinated with the intricacies of the heart, I found myself drawn towards illustrating that delicate structures of the right side of the organ: the pectinate muscles, fossa ovalis, septomarginal band, trabecula carnae, and, of course, tricuspid valve. |
Role: research, visual development, illustration and layout
Tools: Procreate, Adobe Illustrator, 3D Slicer, ZBrush, Cinema 4D Client: Michael Corrin (BMC director and associate professor, University of Toronto) |
Process
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Textbooks and online research articles were used to understand anatomical structure of the heart before beginning with the maquetting process.
CT scan data was collected in 3D Slicer and remodelled using ZBrush in prepration for Boolean in Cinema 4D. Boolean was used to visualize internal heart structure while camera was placed to gain perspective. |
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Using images of the Booleaned maquette, 2D comprehensive drafts were completed, noting placement of all major structures. A particular challenge of this image was ensuring all layers of the heart were visualized.
Once approved, the comprehensive draft was turned into a greyscale render. The heart shape was continuously altered as I received feedback from my fellow classmates and content experts. |
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The greyscale render was then colourized. Final additions to lighting, atmosphere, texture information, etc. were added before the final render was complete and exported from Procreate.
The final render was then inserted into Adobe Illustrator to apply labels. |
References
Agur, A. R., & Dalley, A. F. (2025). Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. Wolters Kluwer.
Anderson, R. H., Cook, A. C., Hlavacek, A. J., Muresian, H., & Spicer, D. E. (1970, January 1). Normal cardiac anatomy. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4471-4619-3_90
Burton, L. V., & Beier, K. (2023, May 22). Papillary muscle rupture - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf. National Centre of Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499976/
Crumbie, L. (2023, August 3). Ventricles of the heart. Kenhub. https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-ventricles-of-the-heart
Heart medical illustrations: Heart anatomy. Medical-Artist.com. (2017, September 11). https://www.medical-artist.com/anatomy-images/cardiovascular-images-heart-illustrations-human-anatomy/human-heart-illustrations/
Holda, M. K., Mazur, M., Koziej, M., & Klimek-Piotrowska, W. (2014, December 15). Anatomical variations of the coronary sinus valve (Thebesian valve ... European Society of Cardiology . https://www.heart.cm.uj.edu.pl/documents/104468614/110577839/Anatomical+variations+ of+the+coronary+sinus.pdf/5896d17d-0f0c-4df4-81a4-1466d69fb89d
Kosinski, A. (2005, September). Distribution of particular types of papillary muscles of the right ... ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Distribution-of-particular-types-ofpapillary-muscles-of-the-right-ventricle-according_tbl1_7537369
Lifesciencedb. BodyParts3D/Anatomography : Select Parts and make embeddable model of your own. (n.d.). https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/
Moore, K. L., Agur, A. R., & Dalley, A. F. (2015). Essential clinical anatomy. Wolters Kluwer Health.
Rich, N. L., & Khan, Y. S. (2023, July 24). Anatomy, thorax, heart papillary muscles - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf. National Centre for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557802/
Shortness of breath after a myocardial infarction - Case 437. CodeHealth. (n.d.). https://codehealth.co/case/437
Spinner, E. M., Sundareswaran, K., Dasi, L. P., Thourani, V. H., Oshinski, J., & Yoganathan, A. P. (2010, June 25). Altered right ventricular papillary muscle position and orientation in patients with a dilated left ventricle. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522310005581
Sumida, M., & Shook, S. (2019, April 12). Chapter 5. heart dissection. Anatomy and Physiology 2 Laboratory Manual. https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/shook/chapter/chapter-5- heart-dissection/
Tank, P. W., & Boileau, G. J. C. (2013). Grant’s dissector. Wolter Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Yucel, E., Bertrand, P. B., Churchill, J. L., & Namasivayam, M. (2020, May 12). The tricuspid valve in review: Anatomy, pathophysiology and echocardiographic assessment with focus on functional tricuspid regurgitation. Journal of thoracic disease. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7330354/
Anderson, R. H., Cook, A. C., Hlavacek, A. J., Muresian, H., & Spicer, D. E. (1970, January 1). Normal cardiac anatomy. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4471-4619-3_90
Burton, L. V., & Beier, K. (2023, May 22). Papillary muscle rupture - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf. National Centre of Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499976/
Crumbie, L. (2023, August 3). Ventricles of the heart. Kenhub. https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-ventricles-of-the-heart
Heart medical illustrations: Heart anatomy. Medical-Artist.com. (2017, September 11). https://www.medical-artist.com/anatomy-images/cardiovascular-images-heart-illustrations-human-anatomy/human-heart-illustrations/
Holda, M. K., Mazur, M., Koziej, M., & Klimek-Piotrowska, W. (2014, December 15). Anatomical variations of the coronary sinus valve (Thebesian valve ... European Society of Cardiology . https://www.heart.cm.uj.edu.pl/documents/104468614/110577839/Anatomical+variations+ of+the+coronary+sinus.pdf/5896d17d-0f0c-4df4-81a4-1466d69fb89d
Kosinski, A. (2005, September). Distribution of particular types of papillary muscles of the right ... ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Distribution-of-particular-types-ofpapillary-muscles-of-the-right-ventricle-according_tbl1_7537369
Lifesciencedb. BodyParts3D/Anatomography : Select Parts and make embeddable model of your own. (n.d.). https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/
Moore, K. L., Agur, A. R., & Dalley, A. F. (2015). Essential clinical anatomy. Wolters Kluwer Health.
Rich, N. L., & Khan, Y. S. (2023, July 24). Anatomy, thorax, heart papillary muscles - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf. National Centre for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557802/
Shortness of breath after a myocardial infarction - Case 437. CodeHealth. (n.d.). https://codehealth.co/case/437
Spinner, E. M., Sundareswaran, K., Dasi, L. P., Thourani, V. H., Oshinski, J., & Yoganathan, A. P. (2010, June 25). Altered right ventricular papillary muscle position and orientation in patients with a dilated left ventricle. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522310005581
Sumida, M., & Shook, S. (2019, April 12). Chapter 5. heart dissection. Anatomy and Physiology 2 Laboratory Manual. https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/shook/chapter/chapter-5- heart-dissection/
Tank, P. W., & Boileau, G. J. C. (2013). Grant’s dissector. Wolter Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Yucel, E., Bertrand, P. B., Churchill, J. L., & Namasivayam, M. (2020, May 12). The tricuspid valve in review: Anatomy, pathophysiology and echocardiographic assessment with focus on functional tricuspid regurgitation. Journal of thoracic disease. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7330354/
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